12 Incorporating equity and human rights is integral to the WHO guideline development process. 12 The publication of the first WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior for people living with disability 16 reflects the WHO’s commitment to inclusive actions, aligned with the 2030 Agenda and expressed in the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030. 12, 14, 15 Disability has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a development priority. In 2015, the United Nations launched “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” 13 Its vision of “no-one left behind,” starting with the most vulnerable, put a focus on disability inclusion, which has subsequently been embraced in key policy developments in physical activity and sport. 11, 12 Creating opportunities for inclusion in physical activity for people living with disability can help eliminate such barriers by changing perceptions, emphasizing strengths and abilities, promoting personal resilience, and having an onward impact on inclusion in society. 1, 9, 10 Lower participation reflects additional barriers faced by people with disability, including physical, personal, social, and environmental barriers. People living with disability are at least twice as likely to be physically inactive as those without disability, 9 increasing the risk of noncommunicable diseases and comorbidities, while also being potentially detrimental for mental health and social well-being.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DEFINITION DRIVERS
8 This can be reversed, and health gains made, by attending to and resourcing the drivers of health, 8 including physical activity.ĭisability negatively impacts opportunities to gain health benefits, mitigate health risks, and improve health outcomes through physical activity and limiting sedentary behavior. 7 Globally, over the last 30 years, the total burden of disability, driven in large part by the inclusion of conditions associated with noncommunicable disease, increased by 52%. 1, 6 People with disability face barriers in accessing health services and experience stigmatization, discrimination, and rights violations, 4 leading to social, economic, and health marginalization. 1, 5 Disability is a global public health and human rights issue, with 1.5 billion people currently living with disability worldwide.
Disability can be understood as an interaction between personal, biological, societal, and environmental factors that can prevent “full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.” (p4) 2– 4 Disability can be represented on a continuum, relevant to all, underlining the need for societies to mainstream disability in all sectors. This paper highlights key considerations for the implementation of the new recommendations for people living with disability, in line with the human rights agenda underpinning the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and allied policies.ĭisability “is part of the human condition” that most people will experience to varying degrees in their lifetime, 1 (p3) and it impacts opportunities to engage in physical activity.
Conclusions: The guidelines mark a positive step forward for disability inclusion, but considerable effort is needed to advance the agenda. They also emphasize the benefits of limiting sedentary behavior. Results: Evidence supported the development of recommendations for people living with disability, stressing that there are no major risks to engaging in physical activity appropriate to an individual’s current activity level, health status, and physical function, and that the health benefits accrued generally outweigh the risks. Systematic reviews of the evidence on physical activity for health for people living with disability were appraised, along with a consideration of the evidence used to inform the general 2020 World Health Organization guidelines. Methods: Methods were consistent with the World Health Organization protocols for developing guidelines. This paper presents the guidelines, related processes, and evidence, and elaborates upon how the guidelines can support inclusive policy, practice, and research. Background: The World Health Organization has released the first global public health guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior for people living with disability.
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